Definition of citations and footnotes

Quotations are loan words or opinions of the author, or greeting someone famous or have big names, both contained in a book or magazine. Citations will be presented in the paper is divided into two kinds, namely direct quotations and indirect quotations. Direct quotations are borrowing opinion by writing word by word and sentence by sentence in full from the original text. In contrast, in the indirect quotation is written only extracts or summaries expert opinion.

Citations should be clear about the original source in a footnote. Footnotes not merely meant to point source where the presence of quotes, but also can be used to provide more information on the content of the paper. Therefore, footnotes and section of the paper is to have a close relationship.

The relationship between the footnotes and the papers are usually expressed with numbers the same appointment either in a footnote or writing sections. Also, it can also use an asterisk or an asterisk (*). Numbers or signs are placed at the end of the quote. Furthermore, the cited sources are placed below the text of a paper or essay.

Elements of footnotes that the author's name, title of book or article, data publication, volume, and page numbers. There are various rules of writing footnotes.
1. Reference to the book by an author
2. Reference to the book with two or three authors
3. References to journal articles
4. Reference to an article in the daily newspaper
5. References in the encyclopedia.