Framework
Function order:
- Protects the organs are weak
- The attachment of muscles, giving shape and straightened
- The formation of blood cells.
Skeleton is divided into body axis and limbs. The axis of the body include the skull, spine, chest and ribs. While limb includes bracelets shoulders and arms (upper limbs) and pelvic girdle and leg (lower limb).
The bones making up the framework
a. constituent: cartilage and bone hard
b. form:
- Bone pipe, for example, an arm bone
- Flat bones, such as ribs
- Short bones, for example, bone palm.
Abnormalities in bone
a. disorders of the joints
- Bruising, tearing the lining of the joints
- Dislocation, loss of bone ends of the joint
- Arthritis, inflammation of the joints.
b. disruption in the bone
- Broken bones (fractures)
c. disturbances in the joints of the spine
- Scoliosis, spinal segments bent sideways
- Kyphosis, spinal segments bent backwards
- Lordosis, spinal segments bent forward.
Joint
Joints, the relationship between one bone with another bone. Sorts and for example:
a. Sinartrosis: joints are formed, completely unable to move. Example: the joints between the bones of the skull.
b. Amfiartorosis: joints are formed, can be moved even slightly. Example: the joints between the ribs to the spine.
c. Diartrosis: joints are formed, giving free movement (flexibility). Example: bullet joint, the upper arm to the shoulder blade.
Muscle
Kinds of muscle: skeletal muscle (striated), smooth muscle, cardiac muscle.
Muscle function: as an active motion, a place to store food reserves, protect against concussion.
The difference between the hard bone with cartilage:
Cartilage:
- Cell is kondriosit
- Did not have calcification, so the condition remains flexible or elastic.
Hard bone:
- Cells such as osteocytes
- Abundant mineral salts such as calcium phosphate and calcium fluoride
- Calcification occurs, so that bones become hard.
